Nonmetropolitan Montana vs. Montana
Comparative Trends Analysis:
Average Earnings Per Job Growth and Change, 1969-2022
Introduction
Nonmetropolitan Montana vs. Montana
Nonmetropolitan Montana:
2022 Avg. Earnings = $54,766
2022 Percent of State = 96.09%
Montana:
2022 Avg. Earnings = $56,993
The United States economy has generated an impressive number of jobs since the 1970s. The contrast between the nation's vigorous employment growth and the modest performance of other major industrial countries is striking. Despite this rosy track record, the real (inflation adjusted) wages and salaries of many workers have stagnated or slipped in recent years. This development has provoked concerns about the quality of new jobs. Structural shifts in the composition of employment--from high-wage goods-producing to low-wage services-related sectors--is the culprit most often cited for the deteriorating quality of jobs.
Regions vary greatly in the make-up of their labor force, in their industry composition of employment, and their economic experience. Reviewing and examining recent developments in average earnings per job in Nonmetropolitan Montana with comparisons to Montana and the nation is an important first step in understanding the economic forces at play in Nonmetropolitan Montana.
Discussion: Average Annual Earnings Per Job are computed by dividing BEA total industry earnings estimates by the BEA total full- and part-time jobs estimates. No convenient or adequate means exist at the county or regional level for converting the job estimates to a full-time equivalent measure. So, interpret the average earnings per job estimates with caution in consideration of the following issues:
Average earnings per job within industries involving more part-time work is lower than industries involving more full-time work, although there could be little difference in the underlying wage of full-time workers. Such differences could also prevail between counties and regions. An increase in the proportion of part-time jobs over time may erode average earnings per job estimates, although full-time earnings per worker may have remained unchanged.
As with per capita income, average earnings per job may be subject to extreme short-run variation, especially in smaller counties. Major construction projects relating to building dams, nuclear power plants, and private plant construction projects have caused extreme fluctuations in many smaller counties. Such changes typify both small and large agriculture-dependent counties owing to the extreme annual variations in farm incomes. Also, Since average earnings per job are just a simple average, it does not account for variations in the distribution of earnings among high- vs. low-wage jobs.
Nonmetropolitan Montana Average Earnings Per Job, 1970-2022
Current vs. Constant Dollars
Nonmetropolitan Montana Average Earnings Per Job, 1970-2022
Current vs. Constant Dollars
Figure 1.
Figure 1 depicts Nonmetropolitan Montana's annual average earnings per job over 1970-2022 in current and constant (2017) dollars. Constant dollar measurements remove the effects of inflation. They allow for comparison of changes in the real purchasing power of Nonmetropolitan Montana over time.
When measured in current dollars, Nonmetropolitan Montana's average earnings per job increased 733.30%, from $6,572 in 1970 to $54,766 in 2022. When measured in constant 2017 dollars to adjust for inflation, it advanced 41.94%, from $33,250 in 1970 to $47,194 in 2022.
Real Average Earnings Per Job, 1969-2022
Real Average Earnings Per Job, 1969-2022
Figure 2.
Figure 2 traces Nonmetropolitan Montana's and Montana's annual real average earnings per job for the period 1969-2022 to illustrate real average earnings per job patterns over time. During this 54-year period, Nonmetropolitan Montana's real average earnings per job rose from $32,042 in 1969 to $47,194 in 2022, for a net gain of $15,153, or 47.29%. In comparison, Montana's real average earnings per job increased from $33,307 in 1969 to $49,114 in 2022, for a net gain of $15,807, or 47.46%.
Real Average Earnings Per Job Indices (1969=100): 1969-2022
Real Average Earnings Per Job Indices (1969=100): 1969-2022
Figure 3.
Figure 3 shows Nonmetropolitan Montana's real average earnings per job growth in a broader context by offering direct comparisons across time with Montana, the United States. The growth indices shown here express each region's real average earnings per job in 1969 as a base figure of 100, and the real average earnings per jobs in later years as a percentage of the 1969 base figure. This method allows for more direct comparison of differences in real average earnings per job growth between regions that may differ vastly in size.
Nonmetropolitan Montana's overall real average earnings per job growth was 47.29% over 1969-2022 trailed Montana's increase of 47.46%, and fell below the United States' increase of 62.26%.
Average Earnings Per Job as a Percent of the U.S. Average: 1969-2022
Average Earnings Per Job as a Percent of the U.S. Average: 1969-2022
Figure 4.
Figure 4 portrays the trends for average earnings per job relative to the national average by tracing Nonmetropolitan Montana and Montana average earnings per job as a percent of the national average over 1969-2022.
In 1969, Nonmetropolitan Montana's average earnings per job amounted to 84.28% of the national average; in 2022, it approximated 76.50%. Similarly, in 1969, Montana's average earnings per job totaled 87.61% of the national average; in 2022, it consisted of 79.61%.
Nonmetropolitan Montana Real Average Earnings Per Job:
Annual Percent Change, 1970-2022
Nonmetropolitan Montana Real Average Earnings Per Job:
Annual Percent Change, 1970-2022
Figure 5.
Figure 5 displays the short-run pattern of Nonmetropolitan Montana's real average earnings per job growth by tracking the year-to-year percent change over 1970-2022. The average annual percent change for the entire 53-year period is also illustrated on this chart to provide a benchmark for gauging periods of relative high--and relative low--growth against the backdrop of the long-term average.
On average, Nonmetropolitan Montana's real average earnings per job grew at an annual rate of 0.82% over 1970-2022. Nonmetropolitan Montana recorded its highest growth in 1972 (11.96%) and posted its lowest growth in 1974 (-9.03%). In 2022, Nonmetropolitan Montana's real average earnings per job grew by 0.50%
Nonmetropolitan Montana Real Average Earnings Per Job:
Annual Percent Change and Decade Averages Over 1970-2022
Nonmetropolitan Montana Real Average Earnings Per Job:
Annual Percent Change and Decade Averages Over 1970-2022
Figure 6.
Over the past five decades some nonmetropolitan regions have experienced extreme swings in growth, and often such swings have tended to coincide with the decades themselves. Figure 6 again traces the annual percent change in Nonmetropolitan Montana's real average earnings per job since 1970, but this time they are displayed with average growth rates for the decade of the 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, 2000s, 2010s, and 2020-2022.
During the 1970s, Nonmetropolitan Montana's annual real average earnings per job growth rate averaged 0.68%. It averaged -0.46% in the 1980s, 0.38% throughout the 1990s, 1.69% in the 2000s, 1.46% in the 2010s, 2.03% thus far this decade (2020-2022).
Real Average Earnings Per Job Growth:
Average Annual Percent Change by Decade
Real Average Earnings Per Job Growth:
Average Annual Percent Change by Decade
Figure 7.
Figure 7 compares the decade average growth rates for Nonmetropolitan Montana noted in the previous graph with the corresponding decade averages for Montana and the nation. As the chart reveals, Nonmetropolitan Montana's average annual real average earnings per job growth amounted to less than Montana's average throughout the 1970s (0.68% vs. 0.73%), topped Montana's average throughout the 1980s (-0.46% vs. -0.69%), posted below Montana's average during the 1990s (0.38% vs. 0.57%), exceeded Montana's average in the 2000s (1.69% vs. 1.64%), topped Montana's average during the 2010s (1.46% vs. 1.38%), and outpaced Montana's average over the 3 year period of the current decade, 2020-2022 (2.03% vs. 1.67%).
Finally, relative to nationwide real average earnings per job growth trends, Nonmetropolitan Montana lagged the nation in the 1970s (0.68% vs. 0.89%), trailed the nation throughout the 1980s (-0.46% vs. 0.71%), fell under the nation in the 1990s (0.38% vs. 1.68%), led the nation in the 2000s (1.69% vs. 0.72%), outgained the nation throughout the 2010s (1.46% vs. 1.01%), and led the nation over 2020-2022 (2.03% vs. -0.24%).
   
 
Real* Average Earnings Per Job Growth:
Average Annual Percent Change
 
 
 
0.82
0.68
-0.46
0.38
1.69
1.46
2.03
0.50
 
0.78
0.73
-0.69
0.57
1.64
1.38
1.67
-0.55
 
0.93
0.89
0.71
1.68
0.72
1.01
-0.24
-4.51
 
   

Interactive TableTip: To augment your analysis click on the column headers in the following table to rank and/or sort the data.

   
 
Nonmetropolitan Montana:
Average Earnings Per Job, 1969-2022
 
1969
 
6,050
0.189
32,042
100.0
N
96.20
84.28
1970
 
6,572
0.198
33,250
103.8
3.77
96.72
86.52
1971
 
6,744
0.206
32,730
102.1
-1.56
95.49
83.23
1972
 
7,808
0.213
36,645
114.4
11.96
97.48
89.84
1973
 
9,098
0.225
40,517
126.5
10.57
101.56
97.45
1974
 
9,138
0.248
36,858
115.0
-9.03
99.13
92.04
1975
 
9,821
0.269
36,563
114.1
-0.80
99.14
91.67
1976
 
9,797
0.283
34,577
107.9
-5.43
96.55
84.83
1977
 
9,863
0.302
32,685
102.0
-5.47
93.77
79.46
1978
 
11,618
0.323
35,997
112.3
10.13
97.17
86.33
1979
 
11,725
0.351
33,364
104.1
-7.31
94.31
80.48
1980
 
12,574
0.389
32,301
100.8
-3.18
94.50
80.31
1981
 
14,156
0.424
33,375
104.2
3.32
96.54
82.95
1982
 
14,348
0.448
32,048
100.0
-3.98
95.26
79.76
1983
 
14,519
0.467
31,105
97.1
-2.94
93.83
76.74
1984
 
14,631
0.484
30,206
94.3
-2.89
92.75
72.50
1985
 
14,477
0.501
28,879
90.1
-4.39
91.34
68.51
1986
 
15,825
0.512
30,896
96.4
6.98
94.05
71.68
1987
 
16,383
0.528
31,028
96.8
0.43
94.60
70.84
1988
 
16,393
0.549
29,878
93.2
-3.71
93.93
67.16
1989
 
18,099
0.573
31,607
98.6
5.79
96.05
71.09
1990
 
18,555
0.598
31,042
96.9
-1.79
95.41
69.76
1991
 
19,955
0.618
32,304
100.8
4.07
96.47
72.47
1992
 
20,690
0.634
32,624
101.8
0.99
95.95
70.43
1993
 
22,313
0.650
34,328
107.1
5.22
96.95
74.13
1994
 
21,207
0.664
31,959
99.7
-6.90
95.09
68.61
1995
 
21,337
0.678
31,493
98.3
-1.46
94.68
67.51
1996
 
21,451
0.692
30,997
96.7
-1.58
94.35
65.38
1997
 
21,773
0.704
30,925
96.5
-0.23
93.79
63.63
1998
 
23,048
0.710
32,477
101.4
5.02
94.47
64.00
1999
 
23,500
0.720
32,639
101.9
0.50
94.06
62.25
2000
 
24,032
0.738
32,554
101.6
-0.26
93.17
60.23
2001
 
24,770
0.753
32,894
102.7
1.04
93.57
59.72
2002
 
25,527
0.763
33,460
104.4
1.72
92.96
60.20
2003
 
27,272
0.779
35,012
109.3
4.64
93.78
62.47
2004
 
29,211
0.798
36,593
114.2
4.51
94.51
64.26
2005
 
31,214
0.821
38,007
118.6
3.86
95.59
66.91
2006
 
32,350
0.844
38,311
119.6
0.80
95.54
66.78
2007
 
33,579
0.866
38,772
121.0
1.20
95.73
68.00
2008
 
34,602
0.892
38,804
121.1
0.08
95.73
68.79
2009
 
34,266
0.889
38,536
120.3
-0.69
94.42
68.48
2010
 
36,359
0.905
40,169
125.4
4.24
95.29
69.66
2011
 
38,455
0.928
41,437
129.3
3.16
96.13
71.70
2012
 
39,938
0.945
42,248
131.9
1.96
96.55
72.53
2013
 
40,475
0.958
42,258
131.9
0.02
96.18
72.49
2014
 
40,662
0.971
41,867
130.7
-0.93
95.07
71.35
2015
 
41,314
0.973
42,461
132.5
1.42
94.67
71.23
2016
 
40,972
0.983
41,687
130.1
-1.82
94.49
70.06
2017
 
41,906
1.000
41,906
130.8
0.52
93.93
69.46
2018
 
43,432
1.020
42,561
132.8
1.56
94.49
69.94
2019
 
46,032
1.035
44,470
138.8
4.48
95.10
71.46
2020
 
48,940
1.046
46,772
146.0
5.18
95.69
72.64
2021
 
51,184
1.090
46,957
146.6
0.40
95.08
72.68
2022
 
54,766
1.160
47,194
147.3
0.50
96.09
76.50
Source: Calculations by the Montana Regional Economic Analysis Project (MT-REAP)
with data provided by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis
November 2023
REAP_PI_CA1400_1400_PSN
 
   

Interactive TableTip: To augment your analysis click on the column headers in the following table to rank and/or sort the data.

   
 
Montana:
Average Earnings Per Job, 1969-2022
 
1969
 
6,289
0.189
33,307
100.0
N
87.61
1970
 
6,795
0.198
34,377
103.2
3.21
89.45
1971
 
7,062
0.206
34,274
102.9
-0.30
87.15
1972
 
8,010
0.213
37,592
112.9
9.68
92.17
1973
 
8,958
0.225
39,893
119.8
6.12
95.95
1974
 
9,219
0.248
37,182
111.6
-6.80
92.85
1975
 
9,906
0.269
36,881
110.7
-0.81
92.47
1976
 
10,147
0.283
35,814
107.5
-2.89
87.86
1977
 
10,518
0.302
34,857
104.7
-2.67
84.74
1978
 
11,957
0.323
37,046
111.2
6.28
88.85
1979
 
12,433
0.351
35,378
106.2
-4.50
85.34
1980
 
13,307
0.389
34,183
102.6
-3.38
84.99
1981
 
14,664
0.424
34,572
103.8
1.14
85.92
1982
 
15,062
0.448
33,643
101.0
-2.69
83.73
1983
 
15,473
0.467
33,149
99.5
-1.47
81.78
1984
 
15,776
0.484
32,568
97.8
-1.75
78.17
1985
 
15,849
0.501
31,616
94.9
-2.92
75.01
1986
 
16,826
0.512
32,851
98.6
3.91
76.21
1987
 
17,318
0.528
32,799
98.5
-0.16
74.89
1988
 
17,451
0.549
31,808
95.5
-3.02
71.50
1989
 
18,844
0.573
32,908
98.8
3.46
74.01
1990
 
19,448
0.598
32,536
97.7
-1.13
73.12
1991
 
20,685
0.618
33,485
100.5
2.92
75.12
1992
 
21,563
0.634
34,001
102.1
1.54
73.40
1993
 
23,015
0.650
35,408
106.3
4.14
76.46
1994
 
22,302
0.664
33,610
100.9
-5.08
72.15
1995
 
22,536
0.678
33,261
99.9
-1.04
71.30
1996
 
22,736
0.692
32,854
98.6
-1.23
69.29
1997
 
23,215
0.704
32,973
99.0
0.36
67.85
1998
 
24,396
0.710
34,377
103.2
4.26
67.75
1999
 
24,985
0.720
34,700
104.2
0.94
66.18
2000
 
25,794
0.738
34,941
104.9
0.69
64.64
2001
 
26,473
0.753
35,156
105.6
0.61
63.83
2002
 
27,461
0.763
35,995
108.1
2.39
64.76
2003
 
29,081
0.779
37,334
112.1
3.72
66.62
2004
 
30,909
0.798
38,719
116.3
3.71
68.00
2005
 
32,655
0.821
39,761
119.4
2.69
70.00
2006
 
33,858
0.844
40,097
120.4
0.85
69.89
2007
 
35,075
0.866
40,500
121.6
1.00
71.03
2008
 
36,145
0.892
40,535
121.7
0.09
71.86
2009
 
36,292
0.889
40,814
122.5
0.69
72.53
2010
 
38,157
0.905
42,156
126.6
3.29
73.11
2011
 
40,002
0.928
43,103
129.4
2.25
74.58
2012
 
41,367
0.945
43,759
131.4
1.52
75.13
2013
 
42,084
0.958
43,938
131.9
0.41
75.37
2014
 
42,769
0.971
44,037
132.2
0.23
75.05
2015
 
43,638
0.973
44,849
134.7
1.84
75.23
2016
 
43,363
0.983
44,120
132.5
-1.63
74.15
2017
 
44,616
1.000
44,616
134.0
1.12
73.95
2018
 
45,963
1.020
45,041
135.2
0.95
74.01
2019
 
48,402
1.035
46,759
140.4
3.81
75.14
2020
 
51,143
1.046
48,877
146.7
4.53
75.90
2021
 
53,830
1.090
49,385
148.3
1.04
76.44
2022
 
56,993
1.160
49,114
147.5
-0.55
79.61
Source: Calculations by the Montana Regional Economic Analysis Project (MT-REAP)
with data provided by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis
November 2023
REAP_PI_CA1400_1400_PSN
 
   

Interactive TableTip: To augment your analysis click on the column headers in the following table to rank and/or sort the data.

   
 
United States:
Average Earnings Per Job, 1969-2022
 
1969
 
7,179
0.189
38,018
100.0
N
1970
 
7,596
0.198
38,430
101.1
1.08
1971
 
8,103
0.206
39,326
103.4
2.33
1972
 
8,691
0.213
40,786
107.3
3.71
1973
 
9,336
0.225
41,579
109.4
1.94
1974
 
9,928
0.248
40,044
105.3
-3.69
1975
 
10,713
0.269
39,883
104.9
-0.40
1976
 
11,549
0.283
40,761
107.2
2.20
1977
 
12,412
0.302
41,131
108.2
0.91
1978
 
13,457
0.323
41,694
109.7
1.37
1979
 
14,568
0.351
41,454
109.0
-0.58
1980
 
15,657
0.389
40,220
105.8
-2.98
1981
 
17,066
0.424
40,237
105.8
0.04
1982
 
17,989
0.448
40,181
105.7
-0.14
1983
 
18,920
0.467
40,535
106.6
0.88
1984
 
20,181
0.484
41,663
109.6
2.78
1985
 
21,130
0.501
42,152
110.9
1.17
1986
 
22,078
0.512
43,104
113.4
2.26
1987
 
23,126
0.528
43,799
115.2
1.61
1988
 
24,408
0.549
44,487
117.0
1.57
1989
 
25,460
0.573
44,462
117.0
-0.05
1990
 
26,599
0.598
44,498
117.0
0.08
1991
 
27,537
0.618
44,577
117.3
0.18
1992
 
29,378
0.634
46,323
121.8
3.92
1993
 
30,101
0.650
46,309
121.8
-0.03
1994
 
30,909
0.664
46,580
122.5
0.59
1995
 
31,605
0.678
46,646
122.7
0.14
1996
 
32,810
0.692
47,411
124.7
1.64
1997
 
34,218
0.704
48,600
127.8
2.51
1998
 
36,011
0.710
50,743
133.5
4.41
1999
 
37,751
0.720
52,432
137.9
3.33
2000
 
39,903
0.738
54,053
142.2
3.09
2001
 
41,477
0.753
55,080
144.9
1.90
2002
 
42,406
0.763
55,584
146.2
0.92
2003
 
43,655
0.779
56,045
147.4
0.83
2004
 
45,456
0.798
56,943
149.8
1.60
2005
 
46,648
0.821
56,800
149.4
-0.25
2006
 
48,442
0.844
57,368
150.9
1.00
2007
 
49,382
0.866
57,019
150.0
-0.61
2008
 
50,298
0.892
56,407
148.4
-1.07
2009
 
50,041
0.889
56,276
148.0
-0.23
2010
 
52,191
0.905
57,661
151.7
2.46
2011
 
53,633
0.928
57,792
152.0
0.23
2012
 
55,061
0.945
58,245
153.2
0.78
2013
 
55,837
0.958
58,296
153.3
0.09
2014
 
56,990
0.971
58,680
154.3
0.66
2015
 
58,005
0.973
59,615
156.8
1.59
2016
 
58,480
0.983
59,501
156.5
-0.19
2017
 
60,329
1.000
60,329
158.7
1.39
2018
 
62,102
1.020
60,856
160.1
0.87
2019
 
64,419
1.035
62,233
163.7
2.26
2020
 
67,378
1.046
64,393
169.4
3.47
2021
 
70,421
1.090
64,606
169.9
0.33
2022
 
71,586
1.160
61,690
162.3
-4.51
Source: Calculations by the Montana Regional Economic Analysis Project (MT-REAP)
with data provided by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis
November 2023
REAP_PI_CA1400_1400_PN
 
   
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